![]() ![]() ![]() Largely early 8thc (Abbasid caliphs) and early 11thc (Fatimid caliphs). However, the term “Crusader Cathedral” is one I’ve tried to avoid, as the Crusaders didn’t build the cathedrals: they were built under the auspices of the overwhelmingly French-administered governments that had been established in the Levant, and at least partly using resident Levantine mason labour and expertise.Īl-Aqsa Mosque, Temple Mount, Jerusalem, from the NE. “Crusader States” is an acceptable widespread term, as the states were acquired and maintained through the military campaigns of Crusaders. ![]() ![]() The term Outremer (outré mer – far across the seas) encapsulates this somewhat better, as of course, while the zealously brutal Crusader militias conquered the territory, they generally didn’t stay there. what we now known as France) aristocracy.ĭespite enormous military support from across Europe, the First Crusade was essentially a Frankish political project, under the endorsement of Pope Urban II (who – funnily enough – was born as Odo in Châtillon, Champagne). The First Crusade of 1096 took advantage of the upset of the Seljuk Turks advancing into the Fatimid Caliphate to launch an absolute all-guns-blazing assault on the Holy Land, with the Kingdom of France, the Holy Roman Empire, the navally-supreme Republic of Pisa, the Anglo-Norman state, and many more lending large militias and resources to what was essentially a lethally-armed pilgrimage to establish new territory for the Frankish (i.e. It ought to be remembered that before the Crusades, there was already a Christian administrative structure in the Holy Land with bishops of the Eastern Church (established as fundamentally separate to the Latin with the Great Schism of 1054), who often had their cathedra in late antique churches on sites of biblical importance. The Crusader States at their height in 1135 (incidentally, when the new E end of St Denis, N of Paris is going up under Abbot Suger).Īt this point Cyprus is still held by the Byzantine Empire and Armenian Cilicia is yet to become a kingdom. ![]()
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